如何编写drupal模块

Submitted by admin on Tue, 06/23/2009 - 08:45
        1. 如何编写一个模块
          • 写hook_menu时可以参照node模块，写form时，可以参照book模块。
          • 编写模块时，各文件和各相关函数的编写顺序（我的经验）：
            • 先编写moduleName.info，提供给Drupal系统该模块的信息。
            • 然后编写moduleName.install，实现模块安装和卸载时候的一些（数据库）操作。
            • 最后编写moduleName.module，并在该文件中按如下顺序编写hook函数：
              • hook_node_info()提供node信息
              • hook_perm()定义权限
              • hook_access()控制node级的权限
              • hook_menu()实现菜单/地址mapping
              • hook_menu()用到的回调函数
              • hook_form()编写node的表单函数
              • hook_validate()编写node的验证表单函数
              • hook_insert()编写创建新node时对应的函数，用于向数据库中存储额外的值
              • hook_update()编写update node时对应的函数，用于向数据库中更新值
              • hook_view()编写产看node时对应的函数。
          • 由于不是每个模块都创建了一个新的内容类型，所以如果不创建新的内容类型的模块，可能不必安装上面提到的顺序编写代码
        2. 编码指南（整体代码可以参加示例源代码，这里只提供总结性的代码）
          • 数据库操作函数
            • db_query(); 执行SQL语句，其中SQL语句中的参数用占位符表示（We use the %d placeholder for numbers and '%s' for strings.），并由db_query()的第二个及后续参数传入。例：db_query('SELECT COUNT(*) usernum FROM {goal} WHERE nid = %d ', $node->nid)
            • db_query_range(); 执行SQL语句，并取结果的一部分。例：$query ="SELECT g.nid, COUNT(g.uid) FROM {goal} g GROUP BY g.nid ORDER BY COUNT(g.uid) DESC";     $queryResult = db_query_range($query, 0, 1);
            • db_fetch_object(); 从de_query()和db_query_range()返回的结果中获取结果对象。例：function goal_all() {        $queryResult = db_query(                            "SELECT n.nid FROM {node} n " .                             "WHERE n.type='goal' ORDER BY n.sticky DESC, n.created DESC"                            );                       $page_content = array();    $page_content[] = "<h2 class='category'>All the goals</h2>";        while ($goal = db_fetch_object($queryResult)) {                $goal = node_load($goal->nid);        $goal->url = url('$goal/' . $goal->nid);        $page_content[] = theme('goal_compact', $goal);            }        return implode('', $page_content);}
            • db_result(); 获得结果集的第一行例：// Get previously saved note, if any.$result = db_query("SELECT note FROM {annotations} WHERE uid = %d AND nid = %d",$user->uid, $node->nid);$node->annotation = db_result($result);
            • 的风格
          • 字符串操作函数
            • t(); 封装字符串，支持占位符的使用。例：'title' => t('Stock quote at @time', array('@time' => $timestamp)),
          • 如何在页面提示状态信息
            • drupal_set_message(t('Some Infomation'));
            • drupal_set_message(t('The installation of the sharenote module unsuccessful.'),'error');
            • form_set_error('errform', t('You can not delete it! There are still people who are working on this goal!')); // 表单错误信息的显示
            • drupal_set_title(); 在运行期间设置浏览器标题
          • 引进全局变量的方法：
            • global $variableName;
          • 获取系统信息的方法
            • $adddate = time();//获取系统时间
          • 表单相关
            • 用自己定义的函数定义Form的方法/*** Implementation of hook_menu().*/function annotate_menu($may_cache) {    $items = array();    if ($may_cache) {    $items[] = array(                           'path' => 'admin/settings/annotate',                           'title' => t('Annotation settings'),                           'description' => t('Change how annotations behave.'),                           'callback' => 'drupal_get_form',                           'callback arguments' => array('annotate_admin_settings'),                           'access' => user_access('administer site configuration')                          );    }    return $items;}/*** Define the settings form.*/function annotate_admin_settings() {    $form['annotate_nodetypes'] = array(                                                      '#type' => 'checkboxes',                                                      '#title' => t('Users may annotate these node types'),                                                      '#options' => node_get_types('names'),                                                      '#default_value' => variable_get('annotate_nodetypes', array('story')),                                                      '#description' => t('A text field will be available on these node types to make user-specific notes.'),                                                     );    $form['annotate_deletion'] = array(                                                   '#type' => 'radios',                                                   '#title' => t('Annotations will be deleted'),                                                   '#description' => t('Select a method for deleting annotations.'),                                                   '#options' => array(                                                                             t('Never'),                                                                             t('Randomly'),                                                                             t('After 30 days')                                                                             ),                                                    '#default_value' => variable_get('annotate_deletion', 0) // default to Never                                                 );    $form['annotate_limit_per_node'] = array(                                                           '#type' => 'textfield',                                                           '#title' => t('Annotations per node'),                                                           '#des ...
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